John Deere 214 Technical Manual

Spain Spanish health: Summary of Current Health System

modern health system in Spain was born in 1978 when parliament approved the English Constitution. However, the system was not complete until it is approved General Health Law in 1986, which created the National Health System for the integration of various public health subsystems, their purpose is, according to Article 1, "the general regulation of all actions to enforce the right to health protection as recognized in Article 43 and related provisions of the Constitution. "

The English National Health System

The English National Health System is coordinated package of health services of the State Administration and health services of the Autonomous Communities. Integrates all functions and features health, liability of public authorities, the health service of citizens. Its most important features are:

• The universal right to healthcare (covering approximately 99.4% of the population),
• public funding through taxes (90% National 10% contributions and local taxes), and
• The decentralization of management in regional governments.

completed the process of health transfers to the autonomous regions, responsible for the care and benefits health in the English territory health services of the Autonomous Communities ( The Departments of Health and Regional Health Services ), and in the case of Ceuta and Melilla, the National Institute for Public Health (INGESA). The State, through Ministry of Health , becomes the guarantor of the benefits in quality and quantity anywhere in the country. The network of hospitals associated with social insurance is managed by a government agency INSALUD; to fill supply gaps in public health services dependent on the government arranged with private hospitals for uninsured care public in various forms such as the specific services to reduce waiting lists, the assignment of the center to the public health system or the operation of a public facility under concession.

Health care is the provision of medical services (outpatient, surgical and / or hospital) and pharmaceuticals necessary to preserve the health of its beneficiaries, not of-pocket cost to users, since the autonomous region runs with the financing thereof, provided that the user has made to the nearest health center to receive the procedure for health card and for each dependent member, during which management should be selected from the list of medical equipment professionals in the health center, which has to be your "family doctor" who govern and monitor all activities required hospital care by the insured in case of not handling this the right health insurance card is limited to emergency medical treatment during illness or accident to the medical (minors and pregnant women retain the right to health care but are not registered). Foreigners can register, even though they are erratic.

Over 90% of the population uses this system for their medical needs, which is gateway to the family doctor to choose the free form and through which users access the rest of the system. Most patients get an appointment with your doctor within a day or two from the application, to consult a specialist, patients must be referred by their physician, except in an emergency. Hospital treatment is free and patients are also entitled to certain services, prosthetics, orthopedics, blood transfusions, etc. free of charge when necessary. Unfortunately, as in most European countries, waiting lists for specialist visit or for elective or not urgent are usually long.

Finally, the English public health system covers only health care (with some exceptions) in terms of dental health should be taken into account that Social Security only covers extractions, for both dental and other problems optical via private van. The English health system covers 60% of drug costs of drugs included in the official formulary, provided they are prescribed by a medical official prescription system and can only be dispensed in pharmacies, 40% is paid by each individual, some drugs not covered by social security.

Clicking on this link and download the button of the window that appears you can download the graph illustrating the financial flows from the English Health System: NHS Financial Flows .

statistical and financial data of English health system

Infrastructure: Spain in 2005 had 2,702 mobile health centers (6.3 x 100,000.) Public as a whole, and 157,926 beds set (3.59 x 100,000.), of which 66.5% were public even though Hospital Centers of the 779 registered only 38.6% were officers.

Human Resources: for the year 2,005 had registered 194,668 medical professional associations to a rate of 4.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, of which it is estimated that 20% leave the country in search of better conditions therefore the real rate is estimated at 3.9 per 1,000 inhabitants, 21,055 dentists (0.5 per 1000 inhabitants) and 225,487 nurses (5.5 per 1000 inhabitants). Health Centers for the year 2,003 29,428 physicians worked (0.7 per 1,000 inhabitants) of which 82.2% were family physicians and pediatricians, 17.8%, while in public hospitals worked for that year 54,298 physicians (1.3 per 1,000 inhabitants) of which 26.7% were of medicine and medical specialties, 18.2% were general surgeons from different specialties, 6.4% were gynecologists obstetricians, 5, 8% trauma, 4.6% paediatricians. Currently there is a shortage of nurses and physicians in the specialties of obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, anesthesiology, internal medicine, trauma and surgical specialties has led the regional government of Extremadura, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia and the Canary Islands, go abroad to recruit skilled workers.

Clicking on this link and download button window that appears you can download the paper: "Doctors Spain without."

utilization of health facilities in the year 2003 represents a rate of 7.4 per person per year, of which 86.8% were made by the family doctor and 13, 2% for the pediatrician. A specialized level in the same year the frequency of hospitalization was 0.12, with an average stay of 8.7 days, of which 77.9% were performed in public hospitals, specialist consultation frequency was 1 , 6, and the emergency of 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitants., of which 78.8% were treated in the system public surgeries were 95.5 per 1,000 inhabitants, of whom 73.2% were in the public system and 24.4% of the total were outpatient. Of the total 436 000 births, 23.9% were by cesarean section and 74% made in the public system.

As financial resources, total health spending for 2005 was estimated at 67.384 million euros (7.7% of GDP), which represents about 6.3% spending health insurance, 22.8% private spending is not safe and 71.4% went to the public spending of the latter, 91.9% were managed in a decentralized manner and only the 8.1% was in charge of central administration. Public spending is allocated 16% to primary care, 52% to hospital services and specialty pharmacy 22.3%, 4.1% for utilities and public health, 1.7% for transfers, prosthetics and therapeutic devices and, finally, 3.9% for capital expenditures.